Diabetes and histamine

What is diabetes mellitus?

As already mentioned, the "diabetes" is a collective term for various metabolic disorders that are associated with a permanently increased blood sugar level. But not only the carbohydrate metabolism is affected- the fat and protein metabolism often gets out of balance. The hormone insulin is significantly involved in the processes. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. In the case of diabetes, insulin release can be disturbed or an absolute insulin deficiency occurs. In addition, important organs such as the brain, the liver, the muscles and adipose tissue no longer react correctly to insulin. This insulin resistance can occur in different forms and also contributes to the development of diabetes. In diabetes, a distinction is made between 2 different types:

🔹Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which your own immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body can no longer produce insulin. Without insulin, the sugar (glucose) contained in the food does not get properly into the body cells and cannot be used there as an energy source. That is why people with type 1 diabetes have to inject insulin their lives-several times a day and in individually adapted doses to keep the blood sugar level as stable as possible. This allows long -term damage to nerves and blood vessels to be prevented or at least delayed. Type 1 diabetes occurs primarily in children, adolescents and young adults and affects about 0.3 to 0.4 % of the population.

Possible symptoms:
• fatigue/fatigue
• weakness
• Hunger or loss of appetite
• Sudden weight loss
• Poor wounds
• strong thirst
• increased urination
• Susceptibility to infection
• blurred view

🔹Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is particularly widespread-more than 90 % of all affected people suffer, which is why it is often referred to as "wealth disease". This affects adults from the age of 40, although many people know nothing about their illness for a long time. According to estimates, around 7.2 % of the population in 2012 had diagnosed diabetes, an additional 2.1 % were ill. According to the current data from the Robert Koch Institute, at least every fifth adult in Germany shows striking blood sugar levels. The dangerous thing about type 2 diabetes: it develops slowly and often remains unnoticed for years. In the beginning there are hardly any complaints, but the body remembers every sugar - a so -called "sugar -reason". Only after years do the consequences, such as nerve damage or circulatory disorders, especially on feet and lower legs are shown. One of the dreaded late consequences is the "diabetic foot syndrome" with poorly healing wounds, which in the worst case no longer heal. Developing type 2 diabetes, especially in people with high risk, should be screening on diabetes every 2 years as part of the check-up 35.

A hereditary disposition can play a role in the formation, but it alone does not necessarily lead to diabetes. The lifestyle is particularly crucial: excessive food in combination with too little movement promotes insulin resistance - i.e. a declining sensitivity of the body cells for insulin. A measure of insulin resistance is the so-called Homa index, which is calculated from the sober values ​​of insulin and glucose. Ideally, this value should be below 2.5-it is often significantly higher for type 2 diabetics, usually over 5.0. If you often consume heavily processed carbohydrates (such as white bread, sweets or soft drinks), keep your pancreas out of trot. This can lead to the long term that the body no longer processes the sugar efficiently. People with insulin resistance often have a high insulin level in the blood, but the cells no longer really absorb the sugar.

A permanently increased insulin level has far -reaching consequences - the body stores more fat, especially in the abdomen and in the organs, which increases the risk of overweight and fatty liver. In addition, deposits can be formed in the blood vessels that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The lack of movement also tightens the problem because muscles usually use a large part of the blood sugar as an energy source. Those who move little gives the body to break down excess sugar - insulin resistance then progresses particularly quickly. In the worst case, the pancreas can no longer produce enough insulin and gives up completely. Then insulin must be supplied from the outside.

Symptoms are often much unspecific or less pronounced in people with type 2 diabetes than in people with type 1 diabetes. Nevertheless, there are overlaps.

Possible symptoms:
• Thirst
• frequent urination
• urinary tract infections
• Growth disorder, bedwetting, weight loss (in children)
• fatigue, weakness, dizziness
• Severage deterioration, changing prescription
• Dry skin, itching
• alternating loss of appetite and hunger attacks
• Potency disorders/Libidoverlust
• psychological changes such as aggressive behavior
• Muscle cramps
• Nerve diseases
• Poor wounds, especially on the feet
• nausea, abdominal pain

Diagnosis in type 2 diabetes
The blood sugar is first measured at the doctor, with a distinction between sober and occasional blood sugar. A normal sober blood sugar is a maximum of 100 milligrams per deciliter. Values ​​up to 125 milligrams per deciliter can indicate prediabetes, while even higher values ​​suggest suspected diabetes mellitus. In addition, a glucose tolerance test is often done and the so-called long-term blood sugar is determined. The glyco hemoglobin, ie the "intumed" blood pigment, provides information about the average blood sugar concentration of the last eight to twelve weeks. If diabetes is diagnosed, further examinations follow in order to identify possible complications at an early stage. This includes control of the eye background, blood pressure measurements and tests of nerve function, feet and kidney and blood lipid levels. A urine examination is also part of it.

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